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目的:分析中国3省城市癌症早诊早治项目地区肺癌高危人群的低剂量螺旋CT（LDCT）筛查依从性及相关因素。方法:于2017年10月至2018年10月，以浙江、安徽和辽宁3个省份作为研究现场，招募17 983名40~74岁肺癌高危人群为研究对象。采用癌症风险评估问卷收集基本人口学特征、生活习惯、疾病既往史和癌症家族史等信息；从项目参与医院获取LDCT检查的研究对象资料。筛查依从性采用筛查参与率表示，同时采用多因素logistic回归模型分析LDCT筛查依从性的相关因素。结果:17 983名研究对象年龄为（56.52±8.22）岁，男性占51.9%（9 332名）；曾经吸烟（包括目前吸烟和既往吸烟）者占69.5%（12 495名）；共计6 269例接受了LDCT筛查，筛查参与率为34.86%。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示，50~69岁年龄组、女性、被动吸烟者、饮酒者、有肺癌家族史和慢性呼吸系统疾病史者更易进行LDCT筛查；而目前吸烟人群的LDCT筛查依从性较低。结论:中国城市地区肺癌高危人群LDCT筛查依从性仍有待提高；年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、肺癌家族史和慢性呼吸系统疾病史与筛查依从性有关联。“,”Objective:To analyze the compliance and related factors of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among the high-risk population of lung cancer in three provinces participating in the cancer early diagnosis and early treatment program in urban areas of China.Methods:From October 2017 to October 2018, 17 983 people aged between 40 and 74 years old at high risk of lung cancer were recruited from Zhejiang, Anhui and Liaoning provinces. The basic demographic characteristics, living habits, history of the disease and family history of cancer were collected by using a cancer risk assessment questionnaire, and the data of participants examined by LDCT were obtained from the hospitals participating in the program. The screening compliance was quantified by the screening participation rate, and it was calculated as the proportion of participants completing LDCT scan among high-risk population. The related factors of LDCT screening compliance were analyzed by using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results:The age of 17 983 participants was (56.52±8.22) years old. Males accounted for 51.9% (N=9 332), and 69.5% (N=12 495) had ever smoked, including former smokers and current smokers. A total of 6 269 participants were screened by LDCT, and the screening participation rate was 34.86%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age group of 50 to 69 years old, female, passive smokers, alcohol consumption, family history of lung cancer and history of chronic respiratory diseases were more likely to be screened by LDCT, while the compliance of LDCT screening in current smokers was low.Conclusions:The LDCT screening compliance of the high-risk population of lung cancer in urban areas of China still needs to be improved. Age, sex, smoking, drinking, family history of lung cancer and history of chronic respiratory disease are associated with screening compliance.