明代思想家吕坤生活在嘉靖、隆庆、万历三朝,而主要活动在万历年间。对他所处的时代,他曾用一句形象的话概括:“民心如实砲,捻一点而烈焰震天;国势如溃瓜,手一动而流液满地。”(《答孙月峰》,《去伪斋文集》卷五,以下简称《文集》)所谓“国事如溃瓜”,主要指朝廷内外之政不修,官吏泄泄沓沓,沾沾煦煦,贿赂公行,贪残横肆。所谓“民 Lv Kun Ming thinkers living in Jiajing, Longqing, Wanli three dynasties, and the main activities in the Wanli years. In his time, he used the words of an image to summarize: “The people are honest with their guns, they twist a little while the flame is shaking; the country is like a melon and its hands are full of fluid.” Collected Works “volume five, hereinafter referred to as” anthology “) The so-called” state affairs such as melon “, mainly refers to the internal and external court administration is not repairing, officials leaked cascade, dipping Xu Xu, bribe publicity, corruption. The so-called ”people