首先基于响应曲面设计了单道次热丝熔覆试验,选取激光功率、扫描速度、送丝速度和熔覆电流作为变化因子,定义了体积缺陷率,与熔覆层宽度、高度共同作为目标响应,分析了单因子和多因子交互作用对响应的影响规律,建立了反映单道次熔覆工艺参数和成形质量关系的回归模型和经验公式。当选择较大的激光功率和送丝速度,适中的扫描速度和熔覆电流作为工艺参数组合时,激光热丝熔覆单道次成形质量最佳。其次建立多道次熔覆的搭接率模型,准确确定了搭接率参数,提高激光热丝多道次熔覆的成形质量。最后根据多道次熔覆截面微观组织的表征,可以看到在最佳工艺参数下,熔覆层与基体结合良好,金相组织均匀,无杂质气孔以及未熔合缺陷,验证了本文通过响应曲面法建立的工艺参数与响应变量之间关系模型和多道次熔覆搭接率模型的准确性。 Firstly, a single-pass hot-wire cladding experiment was designed based on the response surface. The laser power, scanning speed, wire feed speed and cladding current were selected as the variation factors. The volumetric defect rate was defined as the target response along with the cladding width and height The influence of interaction between single factor and multi factor on the response was analyzed. A regression model and empirical formula reflecting the relationship between process parameters and forming quality of single pass cladding were established. When choosing a larger laser power and wire feeding speed, the moderate scanning speed and the cladding current as a combination of process parameters, laser heat wire cladding single pass forming quality best. Secondly, the overlap rate model of multi-pass cladding was established, the overlap rate parameters were accurately determined, and the forming quality of multi-pass laser hot wire cladding was improved. Finally, according to the multi-pass cladding microstructure characterization, we can see that under the best process parameters, the cladding layer is well bonded with the matrix, the microstructure is uniform, no impurity pores and unfused defects, Law established the relationship between process parameters and response variables model and multi-pass cladding overlap rate model accuracy.