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二、改造洼地低产稻田的主要措施 1. 选用中熟当家品种,安全高产 由于冷凉稻区水稻生育缓慢,时常带来晚熟减产。因此,要绝对以当地中熟品种为主栽品种(占70～80％),适当搭配少量中晚熟和早熟品种。如果中晚熟品种种植比例很大,在正常年景下可以成熟,但是遇到低温年就会使水稻严重减产;倘若早熟品种比例过大,不能充分利用有效积温,也难以实现高产。一般情况下,早熟品种不应超过总面积的20％。种植中熟品种,正常年能有200℃以上的剩余积温,即使遇低温年,也能有100℃左右的剩余积温,能确保安全成熟。 2. 改革育苗技术,培育壮秧 (1)改原土育苗为营养土和园田地稻苗。营养土土质肥沃,结构好,物理性状优越,是培育壮秧的基础。据省初作所调查,每平方米苗床施30～60斤营养土培育出的秧苗,比原土育苗百株鲜重增加3克,干重增加0.7克,根数增加0.5～2.3条。营养土的配制方法:用7份肥沃表层熟土,掺和3份优质农肥。也可直接施用腐熟的土粪做营养土。育苗时,将营养土过筛拌匀后,铺在整平的床面上。每床用营养土700～1,000斤,铺2～3厘米厚。
Second, the transformation of low-lying paddy fields, the main measures 1. Selection of mature varieties, high-yielding Safe production of rice as cold-blooded rice growth is slow, often bring about late yield. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to the local varieties of mature varieties (70 ~ 80%), appropriate with a small amount of late maturing and early maturing varieties. If the middle and late maturing varieties are planted in a large proportion, they can mature in normal years, but seriously reduce the yield of rice in the low temperature season. If the proportion of early maturing varieties is too large, it is difficult to make full use of effective accumulated temperature and it is difficult to achieve high yield. Under normal circumstances, precocious varieties should not exceed 20% of the total area. Medium maturing varieties planted in normal years have more than 200 ℃ remaining accumulated temperature, even in the case of low temperature, but also have a residual temperature of about 100 ℃, to ensure safe and mature. 2. Reform nursery technology, nurturing strong seedlings (1) to change the original soil nursery for nutrition soil and Yuan Tian rice seedlings. Nutritious soil fertile soil, good structure, superior physical properties, is the foundation of strong seedlings. According to the investigation conducted by the provincial government, the seedlings cultivated with 30-60 kg of nutrition soil per square meter of seedbed increased the fresh weight by 3 grams and the dry weight by 0.7 grams and the number of roots by 0.5-2.3. Nutritional soil preparation method: with 7 fertile topsoil, blending 3 copies of high-quality agricultural fertilizer. Can also be used to make the soil maturity of soil nutrition. Seedling, the nutrition soil sieve mix, shop in the flat bed. Each bed with nutrition soil 700 ~ 1,000 pounds, shop 2 ~ 3 cm thick.