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严格责任原则于20世纪60年代通过《侵权法第二次重述》402A在美国产品责任法中确立之后,迅速占据了现代产品责任归责原则的核心位置。此后经过30余年的产品责任诉讼的积累和发展,严格责任原则在产品责任法中的地位日渐受到挑战。在20世纪90年代后期颁布的《侵权法第三次重述——产品责任》中,严格责任原则仅适用于产品的制造缺陷;而针对设计缺陷和警示缺陷的诉讼则回归过失责任原则的掌控。程序价值、道义责任、保障自由、分享真实、维护平等、社会效用以及认知规律可以为美国产品责任法中归责原则的变迁提供解释。
The principle of strict liability passed the “second recap of tort law” 402A in the 1960s after its establishment in the United States’ Product Liability Law, which quickly occupied the core of the principle of imputation of modern product liability. After more than 30 years of product liability litigation accumulation and development, the strict liability principle in the product liability law status increasingly challenged. In the “Third Restatement - Product Liability” of Tort Law, which was promulgated in the late 1990s, the principle of strict liability applies only to the manufacturing defects of products; and the lawsuits against design flaws and warning defects return to the control of the principle of liability for negligence . Procedural value, moral responsibility, freedom of protection, sharing truth, equality, social utility and cognition can provide an explanation for the change of imputation principle in the American Product Liability Law.