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目的:探查5-9岁儿童对疾病病因的认知及干预对病因认知的影响。方法:选用儿童常见疾病,设计故事情景来考察儿童对疾病病因的认知,并且通过适当的干预,探测干预对儿童病因认知的影响。结果:5岁和7岁儿童主要用行为原因解释疾病,9岁儿童主要用生物学原因解释疾病,少部分5岁儿童用心理原因解释疾病;学前儿童并非用“传染”解释所有疾病;年龄越大的儿童越能认识到疾病发生的多因性;干预后的5岁学前儿童对病因认知水平显著提高。结论:5,7,9岁三组之间对常见病的病因和病因类别数目的认知差异显著;5岁儿童对传染性疾病和非传染性疾病的病因解释差异显著;核心领域知识促进儿童的疾病认知。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cognition of the etiology of children aged 5-9 years and the influence of intervention on etiology. Methods: Children’s common diseases were selected, the story was designed to investigate the children’s cognition of the etiology of the disease, and probed into the influence of the intervention on etiology and cognition of children through proper intervention. Results: Children aged 5 and 7 explained the disease mainly by behavioral reasons. The 9-year-old explained the disease mainly by biological reason. A small number of 5-year-old children explained the disease by psychological reason. The pre-school children did not explain all diseases by infection. The older children are more aware of the multiple causes of the disease; the 5-year-old preschool children after intervention have significantly increased their cognition of the cause of the disease. CONCLUSION: The cognitive differences between the 5, 9, and 9-year-old groups were statistically significant. The 5-year-old children had significant differences in the etiologic explanation of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. The core domain knowledge promoted children Disease cognition.