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针对目前客家学界认为今日“客家”的名称产生于明清时期,等同于明清文献中的“客佃”、“客籍”这一流行观点,本文以清代以来赣南文献中的“客佃”、“客籍”与“客家”为例,从区域社会史的角度对这些术语的具体历史语境和历史内涵进行考察和分析。指出:清代的“客佃”、“客籍”作为清代移垦过程和户籍制度背景下特定的历史产物,其实是一个与“土著”、“土籍”相对的移民范畴,而今日所谓的“客家”,则是在晚清民国以来社会文化变迁和学术发展背景下出现或建构的一个具有人类学意义的民系范畴,二者完全属于不同的历史范畴,故而不能相提并论。
According to the current Hakkas scholars believe that the name of “Hakka” originated in the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is equivalent to the popular view of “tenant” and “guest book” in the Ming and Qing dynasties. This article takes “ ”,“ Hakka ”and“ Hakka ”as an example, the specific historical context and historical connotation of these terms are investigated and analyzed from the perspective of regional social history. It points out that in the Qing Dynasty, “tenant” and “passenger” as a specific historical product in the context of the Qing Dynasty land reclamation process and household registration system is actually a category of immigrants that are opposed to “native” and “native” people. Today’s so-called “Hakka” is an anthropological category of civil society that emerged or constructed under the background of social and cultural changes and academic developments since the Republic of China in the late Qing Dynasty. Both of them belong to different historical categories and therefore can not be compared.