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本研究旨在明确山东省12个小麦主栽品种(系)抗叶锈性及抗叶锈基因,为小麦品种推广与合理布局、叶锈病防治及抗病育种提供依据。利用2015年采自山东省的5个小麦叶锈菌流行小种的混合小种对这些材料进行苗期抗性鉴定,然后选用15个小麦叶锈菌生理小种对这些品种(系)进行苗期基因推导,并利用与24个小麦抗叶锈基因紧密连锁(或共分离)的30个分子标记对其进行抗叶锈基因分子检测。结果显示,山东省12个主栽小麦品种(系)苗期对该省2015年的5个小麦叶锈菌混合流行小种均表现高度感病。通过基因推导与分子检测发现,济南17含有Lr16,矮抗58和山农20含有Lr26,其余济麦系列、烟农系列、良星系列等9个品种(系)均未检测到所供试标记片段。此外,本研究还对山东省3个非主栽品种进行了检测,结果发现,中麦175含有抗叶锈基因Lr1和Lr37,含有成株抗性基因;皖麦38只检测到Lr26,济麦20未检测到所供试标记片段。综合以上结果,山东省主栽小麦品种(系)所含抗叶锈基因丰富度较低,尤其不含有对我国小麦叶锈菌流行小种有效的抗锈基因,应该引起高度重视,今后育种工作应注重引入其他抗叶锈基因,提高抗叶锈性。
The purpose of this study was to identify the leaf rust resistance and leaf rust resistance genes of 12 wheat cultivars (lines) in Shandong Province, and to provide basis for the promotion and rational distribution of wheat varieties, leaf rust prevention and disease resistance breeding. The seedling resistance of these materials was identified by using five hybrid races of wheat leaf rust races from Shandong Province in 2015, and then 15 varieties of wheat leaf rust were selected for their seedling resistance Derived genes and 30 molecular markers closely linked (or co-segregated) with 24 wheat leaf rust resistance genes were used to detect leaf rust resistance gene molecules. The results showed that all of the 12 wheat cultivars (lines) in Shandong Province showed a high degree of susceptibility to five wheat leaf rust mixed-race strains in 2015 in this province. Through gene deduction and molecular detection, it was found that all the nine cultivars (lines), including Lr16, Dian 58 and Shannong 20, contained Lr26 in Ji’nan 17, but none of the other Jimai series, Yannong series, . In addition, three non-dominant cultivars in Shandong Province were also tested in this study. The results showed that Zhongmai 175 contained the leaf rust resistance genes Lr1 and Lr37, which contained the adult plant resistance genes. In Anhui Wanmai 38, only Lr26, 20 No test marker fragment detected. Based on the above results, the cultivars (lines) of main wheat cultivars in Shandong province have a relatively low abundance of leaf rust resistance genes, especially no effective rust-resistance genes for wheat leaf rust fungus races of our country and should be highly valued in the future breeding work Should pay attention to the introduction of other leaf rust resistance genes to improve leaf rust resistance.