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物质淋溶,人为灌溉以及酸雨等是土壤酸化的原因.中国酸性土壤主要分布于寒温带的灰土区和热带、亚热带的氧化土与老成土区,尤以黄壤亚区和红壤亚区的面积最大,问题也较严重.该区土壤粘粒矿物以高岭为主,缓冲容量小,有机质分解快,对酸的缓冲能力较弱,极易酸化.灌水一排干的农业措施使土壤还原——氧化,加速土壤酸化.酸化后果使交换性铝离子占优势,危害植物并将其它盐基性离子排挤出胶体而遭淋溶,土壤胶体负电荷增加和正电荷减少,带来肥力性质的变化.土壤酸化预测虽属难题,但其可行的办法是测定土壤的酸缓冲曲线.选定-pH标准,以对酸的中和容量进行分级.本文指出,我国虽已编制出中国土壤酸度分布图,但理论上的研究几乎还是空白,有待今后努力.
Soil leaching, material leaching, artificial irrigation and acid rain are the causes of soil acidification.Chinese acid soils are mainly distributed in the temperate zone of lime soil and in the tropical and subtropical oxidized and mature areas, especially in the areas of the yellow and sub-tropical areas , The problem is more serious.The soil clay minerals mainly kaolinite, buffer capacity is small, fast decomposition of organic matter, weak acid buffer capacity, easily acidified.Radish a row of dry agricultural measures to soil reduction - Oxidation, accelerate soil acidification. Acidification results in exchangeable aluminum ions predominant, endanger plants and other salt-based ions are squeezed out of the gel leaching, soil colloids negative charge increase and positive charge reduction, resulting in changes in the nature of fertility. Soil Acidification prediction is a difficult problem, but its feasible method is to determine the acid buffer curve of soil.Selecting -pH standard to grade acid neutralization capacity.This paper pointed out that although China has prepared soil acidity distribution map in China, Theoretical research is almost blank, pending future efforts.