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隧道的消防设计应以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标,横通道作为隧道的安全地带,其间距的设置在人员安全疏散中是至关重要的。本文以雪峰山隧道为工程实例,阐述了一种计算横通道间距的方法,并简述了该方法的应用。首先根据特长隧道火灾特点,从人员安全疏散的观点出发,模拟分析特长隧道4种不同火灾场景下的典型自然疏散过程,并运用火灾模拟软件FDS计算不同火灾场景、不同横通道间距情况下的危险时间,然后与相应的包含人员疏散行为特征的疏散时间相比较,得出最适宜的横通道间距,并分析其经济性。其方法和结论可为特长隧道消防系统的设计、紧急疏散方案和引导指挥体系的建立提供理论依据。
The fire protection design of the tunnel should be based on the protection of the lives and safety of personnel as the primary goal. Cross-lanes as the tunnel safety zone, the spacing of the safety evacuation of personnel is crucial. This paper takes Xuefeng Mountain tunnel as an example, expounds a method of calculating horizontal channel spacing, and briefly describes the application of this method. First of all, according to the characteristics of long tunnel fires, from the point of view of safe evacuation of personnel, the typical natural evacuation process under four different fire scenarios of tunnels is simulated and analyzed. And the fire hazard simulation software FDS is used to calculate the danger of different fire scenes and different horizontal channel spacing Time, and then compared with the corresponding evacuation time, which includes the evacuation characteristics of the evacuation personnel, to find the most suitable cross-channel spacing and to analyze its economy. The method and conclusion can provide the theoretical basis for the design of fire-fighting system, emergency evacuation scheme and the establishment of guidance and command system.