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前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）是由位于第１９对染色体的ＫＬＫ－３基因表达，并受雄激素的调节。ＰＳＡ主要由前列腺细胞合成，为一单链糖蛋白，本质是一种蛋白水解酶。在某些细胞癌变，或在激素刺激下的正常乳腺细胞中也可有ＰＳＡ基因表达。ＰＳＡ在血清以游离（Ｆ－ＰＳＡ）和结合（Ｔ－ＰＳＡ）两种形式存在，血清ＰＳＡ浓度，以及血清Ｆ－ＰＳＡ／Ｔ－ＰＳＡ比值，尿ＰＳＡ浓度的变化等均有助于前列腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is expressed by the KLK-3 gene located on chromosome 19 and is regulated by androgens. PSA is mainly synthesized by prostate cells and is a single-stranded glycoprotein, essentially a proteolytic enzyme. PSA gene expression may also be present in certain cell carcinomas, or in normal breast cells stimulated by hormones. PSA exists in serum as free (F-PSA) and binding (T-PSA), serum PSA concentration, serum F-PSA/T-PSA ratio, urine PSA concentration, etc. contribute to prostate disease Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.