论文部分内容阅读
目的探讨郴州市近十年来突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征。方法利用网络直报系统突发公共卫生事件案例库及市、县两级疾病预防控制中心现场调查资料,描述与分析郴州市十年来突发公共卫生事件分布特征。结果 2001-2010年郴州市达到国家《突发公共卫生事件应急预案》规定的突发公共卫生事件有320起,发病9 272人。其中Ⅰ级事件4起(1.25%),Ⅱ级29起(9.07%),Ⅲ级61起(19.16%),Ⅳ级236起(73.73%)。波及人口462 000人,罹患率144.88/万,病死率3.32%,累计死亡率1.89/万。其中传染病暴发疫情131起(40.93%),流感、水痘、麻疹、伤寒和腮腺炎是主要疾病;食物中毒48起(15.06%),安全事故121起(35.08%),死亡571例,是突发公共卫生事件中最主要的死亡原因。事件的高发场所与高发人群为学校、工矿中的学生与农民工。结论郴州市突发公共卫生事件以传染病暴发疫情、食物中毒和生产安全事故为主,学校和矿山是事件的高发场所。提示预防控制工作的重点应抓好免疫接种、重视矿山企业的安全生产、食品安全和开展健康教育等几个方面,此外,环境污染事件和自然灾害事件也要引起足够关注。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Chenzhou in recent ten years. Methods By using the case database of public health emergencies reporting by the network direct reporting system and the field investigation data of CDC at municipal and county levels, the distribution characteristics of public health emergencies in Chenzhou City during the past 10 years were described and analyzed. Results From 2001 to 2010, there were 320 public health emergencies in Chenzhou City that met the requirements of the National Contingency Plan for Public Health Emergencies, with a total incidence of 9 272. There were 4 grade Ⅰ events (1.25%), 29 grade Ⅱ (9.07%), 61 grade Ⅲ (19.16%) and 236 grade Ⅳ (73.73%). Affecting 462 000 people, the attack rate of 144.88 / million, the case fatality rate of 3.32%, the cumulative mortality rate of 1.89 / million. Influenza, chickenpox, measles, typhoid fever and parotitis were the main diseases among them, 131 (40.93%) were outbreaks of infectious diseases, 48 were food poisoning (15.06%), 121 were accidents (35.08%) and 571 were deaths The main cause of death in public health emergencies. The high incidence of incidents and high incidence of the crowd for schools, industrial and mining students and migrant workers. Conclusion Epidemic situation of infectious diseases, food poisoning and production safety accidents are the major public health emergencies in Chenzhou City. Schools and mines are the high incidence places for the incidents. Prompted that the focus of prevention and control should focus on immunization, pay attention to the safety of mining enterprises, food safety and health education and other aspects, in addition, environmental pollution incidents and natural disasters have caused enough attention.