我国近30年来从事一线煤矿采掘工作的矿工大多为合同制农民轮换工,他们的职业性尘肺患病率缺乏科学研究,亦无确切的统计资料。湖南白沙矿业集团马田煤矿保存了179名农民轮换工的个人健康档案,并于20世纪80年代分批进行了胸部X射线检查。我们通过分析农民轮换工尘肺的患病率,来 Most miners engaged in front-line coal mining in the past 30 years in our country are mostly contract rotation farmers. Their occupational pneumoconiosis prevalence is lacking in scientific research and there is no exact statistical data. Hunan Baisha Mining Group Matian Coal Mine saved 179 personal health records of farmers’ rotation workers and carried out chest X-ray examination in batches in the 1980s. We analyzed the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among peasant workers