土库曼斯坦的经济改革有许多与中亚地区国家相同的特点:不同于俄罗斯和独联体其他欧洲国家的改革的渐进性;过渡时期,特别是在开始阶段,国家直接调节的程度要大得多。与此同时,共和国的经济改革还有许多由其国民经济综合体的独特性决定的特点:它参加全苏联的分工体系伴随着经济原料专业化的加强,首先是农业中的棉花种植业和工业中燃料(主要是天然气)开采这两个主要部门的发展。共和国拥有丰富的自然资源,而且这些资源比中 Turkmenistan’s economic reforms have many of the same characteristics as Central Asian countries: a gradual change from reforms in Russia and other European countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS); and in the transitional period, especially at the beginning, the degree of direct state regulation is much greater . At the same time, there are many characteristics of the economic reform in the Republic that are determined by the uniqueness of its national economy: its participation in the division of labor system throughout the Soviet Union, along with the intensification of the specialization of economic raw materials, above all cotton farming and industry in agriculture The development of these two major sectors in the exploitation of fuel (mainly natural gas). The Republic has abundant natural resources, and these resources are superior