论文部分内容阅读
在高考英语试卷中，阅读理解是重头戏。因此，掌握阅读技巧，加快阅读速度，提高解题效率对考生来说非常重要。本文结合2008年高考(广东卷)英语阅读理解B篇为例谈谈如何运用阅读技巧来提高阅读效率。
一、高考真题
Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.
The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!
46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.
A. dare to challenge yourself
B. feel it hard to change yourself
C. are unconfident about yourself
D. have a high opinion of yourself
47. According to the passage, our self-images __________.
A. have a positive effects
B. are probably untrue
C. are often changeable
D. have different functions
48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?
A. To keep a different image of others.
B. To make your life successful.
C. To understand your own world.
D. To change the way you think.
49. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to prepare for your success.
B. How to face challenges in you life.
C. How to build a positive self-image.
D. How to develop your good qualities.
50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A. Parents. B. Adolescents.
C. Educators. D. People in general.
二、解题四步曲
1. 读全文，明大意。
阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解。本文为议论文，要快速捕捉本文的大意，考生首先要特别注意文章的首段或尾段，以及各个小段的主题句。在议论文中，作者通常在文章的开头就提出论述的观点，因此，反映主旨大意的主题句往往会出现在文章的首段。同样，各个小段要论述的小观点也往往位于该段的段首。当然，有些文章也会先摆出事实，然后对事实或现象进行剖析，最后得出结论，在这种情况下，考生就应该特别注意文章的结尾段以及各个小段的结尾句了。掌握了方法，通过快速浏览各段，很快就能找出体现全文以及各段大意的关键句。如阅读本文可重点理解以下各句即可掌握文章大意：
第一段的末句：If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
第二段的末尾两句：Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
第三段的首句：The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.
第四段的前两句：It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.”。
第五段的首句：The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.
通过略读以上各句，我们很快得知，作者在文章首段提出了论述的观点“要建立积极向上的自我形象”，从第二段到最后一段，作者在阐述如何消除消极的自我形象，建立积极向上的自我形象。因此，第49题应选C，即：文章阐述了如何建立积极向上的自我形象。选项A、B、D都太空泛了。
2. 读题干，作标记。
通过浏览全文，懂得了文章的结构，理解了文章的脉络，把握了文章的主旨大意后，要学会结合四个选项看题干，并划出题干中的关键词，如46，47，48，50的题干，可作标记为：
46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.
47. According to the passage, our self-images __________.
48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?
50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
3. 带着关键词，找出对应句。
在题干中作标记，旨在方便我们在回读文章时，能快速在文章中找到题干中关键词所出没的句子或段落，为选择该题答案找到依据。
如第46题，考生根据该题干中的关键词“to build a positive self-image”和“when”，很快从Para1（第一段）最后一句“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.”中找到对应的句子和关键词“build a positive self-image”和“it is time”，据此可知当“对自己缺乏自信”时，就要建立积极的自我形象，因此该题应该选择C项。
又如第47题，考生可以根据该题干中的关键词“our self-images”，从Para 2 （第二段）的第三和第四句“Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be.” 中找到对应的句子和关键词“our self-images”，可知，“our self-images”与我们在别人心目中self-images通常是截然不同的。不幸的是，我们却更多从消极态度上来看待“our self-images”。再结合第五段首句中your image is far from objective （你的形象远非客观的）来理解，完全可以肯定该题应该选择B，即“our self-images”很可能是与事实真相不一致的。而选项A，不全面；选项C, 与对应句意思不符；选项D，句中所提是image所包含的内容而并非“different functions”(不同的功能)。
再如第48题，考生可以根据该题干中的关键词“How”和“change your self-image”，从Para2 （第二段）的最后一句“Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.”中找到对应的句子和关键词“change your self-image”可知该题选择D（改变你的思维方式）为正确的答案。而其余选项均与原文不相符。
4. 比较选项看差异，斟酌原文定答案。
对一时难以确定答案的试题，要认真比较四个选项，找出差异，然后仔细斟酌原文的相关句子，才可选出最佳的选项。如：第50题“Who are the intended readers of the passage?” 考生要从四个选项中选出哪一个为最佳答案，首先要比较四个选项的差异。如：A. Parents（父母）， B. Adolescents（青少年）， C. Educators（教育学家）， D. People in general（一般人）。显然，A、B、C选项均涉及到人的身份，而A、B选项还有年龄上的限定，而D项则较为空泛，没有限定。比较中找出差异后，考生便可以快速回读原文的各个段落，找出文章中是否有明确地提到与身份和年龄有关的人物。考生从文章第一段中的第四句“Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.”中确实可以找到涉及身份与年龄限定的相关字眼，如：我们是父母的掌上明珠，奶奶心中的天才，在叔叔心目中有能力参加奥运的人。因此，选项B. Adolescents（青少年）才是最佳的答案。
总之，考生在解答阅读理解题时，先读原文通大意， 再读题干作标记， 找出范围对应句，比较选项看差异，不仅仅可以节省时间，而且还可以提高答题的准确性。诚然，上述的阅读理解的四个步骤是互相联系、相辅相成的，考生在解题时要灵活运用。
责任编校蒋小青
一、高考真题
Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.
The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!
46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.
A. dare to challenge yourself
B. feel it hard to change yourself
C. are unconfident about yourself
D. have a high opinion of yourself
47. According to the passage, our self-images __________.
A. have a positive effects
B. are probably untrue
C. are often changeable
D. have different functions
48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?
A. To keep a different image of others.
B. To make your life successful.
C. To understand your own world.
D. To change the way you think.
49. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to prepare for your success.
B. How to face challenges in you life.
C. How to build a positive self-image.
D. How to develop your good qualities.
50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A. Parents. B. Adolescents.
C. Educators. D. People in general.
二、解题四步曲
1. 读全文，明大意。
阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解。本文为议论文，要快速捕捉本文的大意，考生首先要特别注意文章的首段或尾段，以及各个小段的主题句。在议论文中，作者通常在文章的开头就提出论述的观点，因此，反映主旨大意的主题句往往会出现在文章的首段。同样，各个小段要论述的小观点也往往位于该段的段首。当然，有些文章也会先摆出事实，然后对事实或现象进行剖析，最后得出结论，在这种情况下，考生就应该特别注意文章的结尾段以及各个小段的结尾句了。掌握了方法，通过快速浏览各段，很快就能找出体现全文以及各段大意的关键句。如阅读本文可重点理解以下各句即可掌握文章大意：
第一段的末句：If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
第二段的末尾两句：Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
第三段的首句：The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.
第四段的前两句：It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.”。
第五段的首句：The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.
通过略读以上各句，我们很快得知，作者在文章首段提出了论述的观点“要建立积极向上的自我形象”，从第二段到最后一段，作者在阐述如何消除消极的自我形象，建立积极向上的自我形象。因此，第49题应选C，即：文章阐述了如何建立积极向上的自我形象。选项A、B、D都太空泛了。
2. 读题干，作标记。
通过浏览全文，懂得了文章的结构，理解了文章的脉络，把握了文章的主旨大意后，要学会结合四个选项看题干，并划出题干中的关键词，如46，47，48，50的题干，可作标记为：
46. You need to build a positive self-image when you __________.
47. According to the passage, our self-images __________.
48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?
50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
3. 带着关键词，找出对应句。
在题干中作标记，旨在方便我们在回读文章时，能快速在文章中找到题干中关键词所出没的句子或段落，为选择该题答案找到依据。
如第46题，考生根据该题干中的关键词“to build a positive self-image”和“when”，很快从Para1（第一段）最后一句“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.”中找到对应的句子和关键词“build a positive self-image”和“it is time”，据此可知当“对自己缺乏自信”时，就要建立积极的自我形象，因此该题应该选择C项。
又如第47题，考生可以根据该题干中的关键词“our self-images”，从Para 2 （第二段）的第三和第四句“Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be.” 中找到对应的句子和关键词“our self-images”，可知，“our self-images”与我们在别人心目中self-images通常是截然不同的。不幸的是，我们却更多从消极态度上来看待“our self-images”。再结合第五段首句中your image is far from objective （你的形象远非客观的）来理解，完全可以肯定该题应该选择B，即“our self-images”很可能是与事实真相不一致的。而选项A，不全面；选项C, 与对应句意思不符；选项D，句中所提是image所包含的内容而并非“different functions”(不同的功能)。
再如第48题，考生可以根据该题干中的关键词“How”和“change your self-image”，从Para2 （第二段）的最后一句“Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.”中找到对应的句子和关键词“change your self-image”可知该题选择D（改变你的思维方式）为正确的答案。而其余选项均与原文不相符。
4. 比较选项看差异，斟酌原文定答案。
对一时难以确定答案的试题，要认真比较四个选项，找出差异，然后仔细斟酌原文的相关句子，才可选出最佳的选项。如：第50题“Who are the intended readers of the passage?” 考生要从四个选项中选出哪一个为最佳答案，首先要比较四个选项的差异。如：A. Parents（父母）， B. Adolescents（青少年）， C. Educators（教育学家）， D. People in general（一般人）。显然，A、B、C选项均涉及到人的身份，而A、B选项还有年龄上的限定，而D项则较为空泛，没有限定。比较中找出差异后，考生便可以快速回读原文的各个段落，找出文章中是否有明确地提到与身份和年龄有关的人物。考生从文章第一段中的第四句“Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.”中确实可以找到涉及身份与年龄限定的相关字眼，如：我们是父母的掌上明珠，奶奶心中的天才，在叔叔心目中有能力参加奥运的人。因此，选项B. Adolescents（青少年）才是最佳的答案。
总之，考生在解答阅读理解题时，先读原文通大意， 再读题干作标记， 找出范围对应句，比较选项看差异，不仅仅可以节省时间，而且还可以提高答题的准确性。诚然，上述的阅读理解的四个步骤是互相联系、相辅相成的，考生在解题时要灵活运用。
责任编校蒋小青