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目的了解广州主城区饮用水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐氮含量,并评价其对人体健康产生潜在风险。方法于2010年12月,检测广州市主城区(荔湾区、越秀区、天河区、白云区、黄埔区、海珠区)饮用水水样中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐氮的含量,并进行健康风险评价。结果广州主城区饮用水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量的最高值分别是标准的14.40、21.83倍,超标率分别为50.0%,53.3%;硝酸盐氮含量均合格。各区总年均风险介于0.177×10-8～2.169×10-8/a,均值为1.064×10-8/a,远低于美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险水平标准(5.0×10-5/a)。广州主城区饮用水中的健康危害个人年平均风险由高至低依次为亚硝酸盐(0.952×10-8/a)>氨氮(1.090×10-9/a)>硝酸盐氮(0.276×10-10/a),且以亚硝酸盐为主;各主城区饮用水的健康危害个人年平均风险由高至低依次为荔湾区>白云区>越秀区>天河区>黄埔区>海珠区。结论广州市主城区饮用水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐污染较严重,但不会对暴露人群引起健康危害。
Objective To understand the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate in drinking water in the main urban area of Guangzhou and to evaluate the potential risks to human health. Methods In December 2010, the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water samples in the main urban areas of Guangzhou (Liwan District, Yuexiu District, Tianhe District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District and Haizhu District) were tested and carried out Health risk assessment. Results The highest concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in drinking water in main urban area of Guangzhou were 14.40 and 21.83 times of the standard respectively. The over standard rates were 50.0% and 53.3% respectively. The contents of nitrate nitrogen were all qualified. The annual average risk for each district ranged from 0.177 × 10-8 to 2.169 × 10-8 / a with a mean of 1.064 × 10-8 / a, much lower than the standard of health risk recommended by USEPA (5.0 × 10 -5 / a). The individual annual average risk of health hazards in drinking water in the main urban area of Guangzhou from high to low is nitrite (0.952 × 10-8 / a)> ammonia nitrogen (1.090 × 10-9 / a)> nitrate nitrogen (0.276 × 10 -10 / a), with nitrites as the main pollutants. The annual average risk of health hazards of drinking water in all main cities was Liwan District> Baiyun District> Yuexiu District> Tianhe District> Huangpu District> Haizhu District from high to low. Conclusion The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the drinking water in the main urban area of Guangzhou are more polluted, but they will not cause any health hazard to the exposed people.