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目的研究三脉紫菀抗慢支组分平喘作用的最佳配比及其毒性。方法合格豚鼠72只,体质量(300±20)g,雄性,分为空白组、氨茶碱组(0.047g/kg)、三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮不同配比组(8∶1、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶8,0.38g/kg)。各组连续灌胃给药3d,每天1次,采用His-Ach雾化引喘法通过诱咳引喘仪优选最佳配比;制备豚鼠离体气管环标本,采用Powerlab生物信号采集系统,考察豚鼠平滑肌条在正常克氏液条件下加入氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)后的收缩变化,以及其他组分别在Ach致平滑肌收缩最明显时,加入氨茶碱(1.25mg/mL)后的平滑肌舒张百分率。采用经典的小鼠急性毒性实验方法,考察三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比的急性毒性。结果较之空白组,氨茶碱组、其他各给药组的致喘潜伏期延长显著(P<0.05),其中1∶1、1∶2、1∶4组与其他配比组均有显著差异(P<0.05),但又以1∶2组引喘潜伏期最长。氨茶碱组与各配比组均能明显松弛Ach导致收缩的豚鼠气管平滑肌,其中氨茶碱组舒张百分率最大(24.12±1.20)%,各配比组舒张百分率不及氨茶碱组(P<0.05),但以1∶2组与之最接近。三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比对小鼠的最大耐受量分别为300、345、325g/kg。结论在给药总量恒定的情况下,三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮1∶2平喘解痉作用明显,其总黄酮、总皂苷及1∶2配比的急性毒性实验未显示明显的毒性作用,安全性相对良好。
Objective To study the best ratio and toxicity of astragalus membranaceus anti-chronic bronchitis component on asthma. Methods Seventy-two guinea pigs were randomly divided into blank group, aminophylline group (0.047g / kg), total saponins of Asplenium argenteus and total flavonoids (8: 1, 2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8, 0.38 g / kg). The rats in each group were given intragastric administration for 3 days, once a day. His-Ach nebulization and asthma method were used to optimize the best proportion through cough-asthmatic asthma instrument. The isolated guinea-pig tracheal ring specimens were prepared by using Powerlab biological signal acquisition system The contractile changes of guinea pig smooth muscle strips after addition of acetylcholine (Ach) under normal Krebs condition and the percentage of smooth muscle relaxation after addition of aminophylline (1.25 mg / mL) were most obvious in other groups when Ach induced smooth muscle contraction, respectively . The classical acute toxicity test in mice was used to investigate the acute toxicity of total saponins and total flavonoids in Asplenium malabaricum. Results Compared with the blank group, the latency of asthma in the aminophylline group and the other administration groups was significantly longer (P <0.05), among which the ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4 was significantly different from other groups (P <0.05), but the longest latency of asthma in 1: 2 group was also observed. Aminophylline group and the ratio of the group can significantly relax Ach lead to contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, which aminophylline group diastolic percentage (24.12 ± 1.20)%, the proportion of diastolic percentage of less than the aminophylline group (P < 0.05), but closest to the 1: 2 group. The maximum tolerability of three-phase aster saponins, total flavonoids and their 1: 2 ratio in mice was 300,345,325 g / kg respectively. Conclusion In the condition of constant dosage, the total saponins of Asplenium argenteus has a 1: 2 antiasthmatic and antispasmodic effect, and its total flavonoids, total saponins and 1: 2 acute toxicity test showed no obvious toxicity Role, safety is relatively good.