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1 历史回顾与防病成果 我国卫生防疫体制虽然与日本相似,但最初主要是移植“苏联模式”。50年代初期,省级卫生防疫站成立,进而地(市)、区级卫生防疫站相继成立,从省、地(市)、县(区)形成了一套完整的卫生防疫机构。同时铁路交通等部门内部也成立了卫生防疫机构。当时主要任务是围绕急性传染病如天花、白喉、疟疾、麻疹等的防治开展防疫工作。经过四十多年的发展卫生防疫站开展的工作已拓展到疾病防治、卫生监督监测、预防医学科研以及培训、教育等方面。重点防治的疾病包括传染病、地方病和慢性病;卫生监督监测包括食品、环境、劳动、放射和学校卫生;卫生监督工作起步于1953年,当时卫生部成立了卫生监督室,卫生防疫机构按照《工业企业设计卫生暂行
1 Historical Review and Disease Prevention Results Although China’s health and epidemic prevention system is similar to Japan, it initially mainly transplanted the “Soviet model.” In the early 1950s, provincial sanitation and epidemic prevention stations were established, and then local (municipal) and district-level sanitation and epidemic prevention stations were established one after another. A complete set of sanitation and anti-epidemic agencies was formed from provinces, prefectures (cities) and counties (districts). At the same time, the Ministry of Railways and other departments also set up a health and anti-epidemic agency. The main task at that time was to conduct epidemic prevention around the prevention and control of acute infectious diseases such as smallpox, diphtheria, malaria, and measles. After more than forty years of development, the work carried out at the Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Station has expanded to include disease prevention and control, hygiene supervision and monitoring, preventive medical research, and training and education. Diseases that are mainly controlled include infectious diseases, endemic diseases, and chronic diseases; health supervision and monitoring includes food, environment, labor, radiation, and school health; hygiene supervision began in 1953 when the Ministry of Health established a health supervision office; Corporate design hygiene