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二战之后,随着科学技术的飞速发展,自然科学的一些研究方法开始向社会科学领域渗透,即在社会科学研究中,出现了“科学主义”或“行为主义”的新思潮。这种思潮对国际法的研究方法也产生了直接的影响,最有代表性的是“政策定向说”和“国际法律过程说”的兴起。这两种学说将国际法视为一种决策过程,在不同程度上否认国际法的规则性,但是这两大学派分析国际法的进路并不完全相同:“政策定向说”强调以政策定向的方法识别及解释国际法,而“国际法律过程说”侧重阐释和证明国际法在国际关系中的功能。目前,这两种学说仍然构成美国国际法的主流学说和重要研究方法之一。
After World War II, with the rapid development of science and technology, some research methods of natural science began to infiltrate into the field of social science. That is, there appeared a new trend of “scientism” or “behaviorism” in social science research. This trend of thinking also has a direct impact on the research methods of international law. The most representative ones are the rise of the “policy orientation theory” and the “international legal process theory.” These two theories regard international law as a decision-making process that, to varying degrees, denies the regularity of international law. However, the two schools of thought do not have exactly the same approach in analyzing international law: “Policy orientation theory” emphasizes policy-oriented Methods identify and explain international law, and “international legal process” focuses on the interpretation and justification of the function of international law in international relations. At present, these two theories still constitute one of the mainstream theories and important research methods in American international law.