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弗劳德数(Fr)是判别明渠水流流态的标准,掌握弗劳德数随明渠水深的变化规律,对认识明渠水流的流态特性、指导明渠的设计具有重要意义。从弗劳德数Fr的定义出发,通过理论计算分析明渠均匀流弗劳德数Fr随水深的变化规律,分别揭示了矩形、梯形和圆形断面明渠均匀流弗劳德数Fr极大值的存在条件及变化特征。分别列举算例对计算结果进行验证,为今后工程实际中通过控制断面水深来控制流态提供了依据。
The Froude number (Fr) is the criterion for determining the flow pattern of open channel. Grasping the variation of Froude number with the depth of open channel has important significance for understanding the fluid characteristics of open channel flow and guiding the design of open channel. Based on the definition of Froude number Fr, the Froude number Fr of open channel is analyzed by theoretical calculation, and the Fr value of Froude number of uniform stream with rectangular, trapezoidal and circular sections is revealed respectively Existence conditions and changing characteristics. Examples are listed to verify the calculation results for the future engineering practice by controlling the depth of the section to provide a basis for controlling fluid flow.