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目的了解城市职业人群健康状况及影响因素,为制定相关评价指标提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,在辽宁省丹东、营口市抽取18~60岁城市公务员、科技人员、企事业管理人员、教师、体力劳动者5类职业人群进行问卷调查,采用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)对其健康状况进行评价。结果本次调查共收回有效问卷2 391份,调查对象自测健康评定量表总分平均为(75.28±12.73)分,5类职业人群中,公务员量表总分为(79.34±10.80)分,科技人员(79.73±11.13)分,体力劳动者(73.38±12.59)分,企事业管理人员(72.97±14.43)分,教师(70.93±11.92)分(P=0.000);多元线性回归分析结果表明,与体力者比较,教师总分较低(P=0.000),公务员、科技人员总分较高(P=0.000);与未婚者比较,离异者总分最低(P=0.000);受教育程度越高,年龄越小,总分越高(P<0.005)。结论城市5类职业人数中,教师、体力劳动者的自测健康状况较差;自测健康状况与地区、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、职业等有关。
Objective To understand the health status and influential factors of urban occupational groups and provide scientific evidence for the development of relevant evaluation indexes. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to survey five categories of urban civil servants, scientists and technicians, managers, teachers and manual workers from 18 to 60 years old in Dandong and Yingkou, Liaoning Province. The self-rated health assessment Scale (SRHMS V1.0) to assess their health status. Results A total of 2 391 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. The total score of the self-rated health assessment scale was (75.28 ± 12.73) points. Among the five occupational groups, the total score of the civil service scale was (79.34 ± 10.80) (79.73 ± 11.13), 73.38 ± 12.59 (manual workers), 72.97 ± 14.43 (70.93 ± 11.92), and 70.33 ± 11.92 teachers (P = 0.000). The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, The total score of teachers was lower (P = 0.000), and the total scores of civil servants and technicians were higher (P = 0.000) than that of physical strength. The divorced persons had the lowest total score (P = 0.000) High, younger age, the higher the total score (P <0.005). Conclusion Self-rated health status of teachers and manual workers among the five categories of urban occupations is poor. Self-rated health status is related to area, age, education level, marital status and occupation.