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合理耕层能够提高土壤应对气候变化的缓冲能力,有利于协调土壤中水、肥、气、热的关系,为作物生长发育创造适宜的水热环境。借助长期定位试验,开展了玉米连作、玉米-大豆轮作以及大豆连作等不同处理下的土壤物理性状与土壤水热特征评价。土壤采样分析与田间水热定位观测发现,玉米连作处理与玉米-大豆轮作和大豆连作处理相比,可显著降低土壤容重,增加土壤总孔隙度(P<0.05),其中0~10 cm土壤层次下土壤容重分别降低12.9%和19.8%,10~20 cm层次分别低21.4%和23.2%,20~40 cm层次分别降低23.9%和29.2%,40~60 cm层次则分别降低20.3%和25.2%;玉米连作处理可显著提高5~6月份土壤水分储量,特别是0~40 cm土层下,玉米连作处理分别比玉米-大豆轮作和大豆连作处理高6.5%和6.3%、3.6%和3.4%,且差异显著,而玉米连作处理下较高的土壤水分含量有利于促进作物前期生长和后期群体质量改善;从0~30 cm土壤温度来看,不同处理间全生育期无显著差异。上述结果表明,长期玉米连作配合合理施肥可显著改善土壤结构,增加土壤水分储量,促进作物前期生长发育。
Rational topsoil can improve the buffer ability of soil to cope with climate change, which is conducive to coordinating the relationship between water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil so as to create suitable water and heat environment for crop growth and development. With long-term experiment, the soil physical properties and soil hydrothermal characteristics under continuous cropping of corn, maize-soybean rotation and soybean continuous cropping were evaluated. Soil sampling analysis and field hydrothermal positioning observations showed that corn continuous cropping could significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase total soil porosity (P <0.05) compared with corn-soybean rotation and soybean continuous cropping, with 0-10 cm soil layer The soil bulk density decreased by 12.9% and 19.8%, respectively, with 21.4% and 23.2% in the 10-20 cm layer, 23.9% and 29.2% in the 20-40 cm layer, 20.3% and 25.2% in the 40-60 cm layer, The corn continuous cropping could significantly increase the soil water storage from May to June, especially in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer, the continuous cropping of corn was 6.5% and 6.3%, 3.6% and 3.4% higher than that of corn-soybean rotation and soybean continuous cropping respectively. , And the difference was significant. However, the higher soil moisture content under continuous cropping of maize was beneficial to the promotion of early crop growth and later population quality improvement. From 0 to 30 cm soil temperature, there was no significant difference in the whole growth period between different treatments. The above results show that long-term maize continuous cropping with reasonable fertilization can significantly improve the soil structure, increase soil moisture reserves and promote crop growth and development.