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2009年6~10月,在大理市洱源县邓川镇中和村坡耕地上,开展6种种植模式(顺坡种植、横坡种植、横坡种植+盖膜、横坡种植+秸秆覆盖、横坡种植+生物覆盖、格网垄作,依次表示为DT、CT、CT+PF、CT+S、CT+IS、RT)水土保持试验。结果表明:在相同施肥及管理条件下,DT水土流失严重,径流、泥沙、氮、磷的总流失量均为最大,分别为447.7 m3/hm2、39 802.9 kg/hm2、123.2 kg/hm2、21.3 kg/hm2,CT、CT+PF、CT+S、CT+IS、RT与DT相比具有明显的水土保持作用,可以减少径流16.25%~35.2%,减少泥沙流失84.4%~88.34%,减少水土流失总量21.95%~42.42%,总氮流失减少17.69%~44.07%,总磷流失减少26.29%~59.62%;其中CT+IS模式水土保持效果最优,CT、CT+PE、CT+S、CT+IS、RT几种模式与DT相比,玉米产量有1.7%~18.6%的增产,增产最大的为CT+S,增产最少的为CT。
From June to October 2009, six planting modes were carried out on slope farmland in Zhonghe Village, Dengchuan Town, Eryuan County, Dali City (slope planting, horizontal slope planting, horizontal slope planting + cover film, horizontal slope planting + straw mulching , Transversal planting + biological coverage, grid ridge planting, followed by DT, CT, CT + PF, CT + S, CT + IS, RT) The results showed that under the same conditions of fertilization and management, soil and water loss of DT was serious, and the total amount of runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus loss was the largest, reaching 447.7 m3 / hm2, 392.92.9 kg / hm2, 123.2 kg / hm2, Compared with DT, 21.3 kg / hm2, CT, CT + PF, CT + S, CT + IS and RT have significant soil and water conservation effects, which can reduce runoff from 16.25% to 35.2% and decrease sediment loss from 84.4% to 88.34% The total amount of soil erosion decreased from 21.95% to 42.42%, the total nitrogen loss decreased from 17.69% to 44.07%, and the total phosphorus loss decreased from 26.29% to 59.62%. Among them, CT + IS model had the best soil and water conservation effect, and CT, CT + PE and CT + S, CT + IS, RT, compared with DT, corn yield increased by 1.7% ~ 18.6%, CT + S increased the most, and CT increased yield the least.