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以红壤双季稻田为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对2009年水稻生长期内不施肥(CK),平衡施肥(BF)、减氮磷一(DNP1)、减氮磷二(DNP2)和增氮磷(INP)等5个处理的CH4和N2O排放通量以及环境因素进行观测.结果表明,早稻生长期间BF、DNP1、DNP2和INP的CH4平均排放通量为4.57、5.42、4.70和4.65 mg.(m2.h)-1,较CK分别增加39%、49%、41%和40%;晚稻生长期间CH4排放量普遍高于早稻排放,BF、DNP1、DNP2和INP较CK增加11%、1%、26%和-4%.与CK相比,施氮磷肥均提高早、晚稻返青期的CH4排放.早、晚稻生长期内所有施肥处理间CH4平均排放通量差异均不显著(p>0.05).双季稻田晒田期无N2 O排放峰值,而晒田后的干湿交替阶段出现较高排放.早、晚稻生长期内N2 O排放量占氮肥投入量的0.18%.环境因素分析表明,气温、土壤Eh和土壤湿度决定了稻田CH4排放的季节变化,而N2O排放与水、热等相关环境因子无相关性.CH4是早、晚稻田主要的温室气体,对二者整体温室效应的贡献约占90%,减排措施应针对CH4排放为主.综合考虑温室效应和水稻产量,当地早稻施肥量以BF为宜(N-P2O5-K2O用量150-90-90 kg.hm-2),而晚稻施肥量可以在BF(N-P2 O5-K2 O用量180-90-135 kg.hm-2)基础上少量增加氮磷用量.
Taking double cropping paddy field of red soil as the research object, static dark box-gas chromatography (GC-MS) was used to study the effects of CK, BF, DNP1, DNP2, CH4 and N2O fluxes and environmental factors of 5 treatments including nitrogen and phosphorus (INP) were investigated.The results showed that the mean CH4 fluxes of BF, DNP1, DNP2 and INP during early rice growth were 4.57, 5.42, 4.70 and 4.65 mg. (M2.h) -1, increased by 39%, 49%, 41% and 40% respectively compared with CK. CH4 emission during late rice growth was generally higher than that of early rice, BF, DNP1, DNP2 and INP increased by 11 %, 1%, 26% and -4%, respectively.Compared with CK, both nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers increased CH4 emission in early-late rice and late-rice rejuvenation period.The average fluxes of CH4 in all fertilization treatments were not significantly different (p> 0.05) .Non-O 2 emission peak was observed in the double cropping paddy field and higher in the alternate wetting and drying stage after sunning, and 0.18% of the nitrogen input in the early and late rice growing stages. Environmental factors analysis showed that temperature, soil Eh and soil moisture determined seasonal changes of CH4 emissions in paddy fields, while N2O emissions had no correlation with water, heat and other environmental factors. CH4 was The main greenhouse gases in the early and late paddy fields contribute about 90% of the overall greenhouse effect, and the emission reduction measures should focus on the CH4 emissions. Considering the greenhouse effect and the rice yield, -P2O5-K2O dosage of 150-90-90 kg.hm-2), while the amount of late rice fertilization can increase nitrogen and phosphorus by a small amount on the basis of BF (N-P2 O5-K2 O dosage 180-90-135 kg.hm-2) Amount.