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采用Deform-3D对四锤头和两锤头径向热锻45钢台阶轴过程进行了数值模拟,依据等效塑性应变、平均应力和平均塑性应变在锻件中的分布来研究锻透性及揭示锻件端部缩孔的本质。结果表明:锻件中心的等效应变均大于零,说明10%的压下量已能锻透;锤头数目对锻件中心等效塑性应变的影响不大。采用锻件中心平均应力描述锻件内部的静水压力,考察其压应力状态,两锤头和四锤头锻造时锻件芯部的平均应力均为负值。在锻件表层之下存在压应变层、在芯部存在拉应变芯,这是锻件端部产生缩孔的原因。随着锤头数目的增加,轴向拉打速度成比例增加,生产率也增加。
Deform-3D was used to simulate the stepping of 45 steels with four hammerheads and two hammerheads. According to the distribution of equivalent plastic strain, average stress and average plastic strain in the forgings, Forging the nature of the end of shrinkage. The results show that the equivalent strain of the forging center is greater than zero, indicating that 10% of the reduction has been forged; the impact of hammerhead number has no significant effect on the equivalent plastic strain of the forging center. The average stress of the forging center is used to describe the hydrostatic pressure inside the forging, and the compressive stress state is investigated. The average stress of the forging core with two hammerheads and four hammerhead forgings is negative. There is a compressive strained layer beneath the surface of the forging and a tensile strain core exists in the core, which is responsible for the shrinkage of the ends of the forging. As the number of hammers increases, the rate of axial drawing increases proportionally and productivity increases.