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[目的]建立简单易行的紫珠鉴别方法,准确鉴别杜虹花等6种紫珠,保证临床用药的安全有效,为紫珠药材及其中药制剂质量控制提供参考。[方法]采用性状鉴定、半显微及显微鉴定方法对紫珠属6种不同紫珠叶进行鉴别。[结果]在外观形状方面,不同品种的紫珠形态特征较相似,但叶形、叶端、叶基、叶缘、厚薄、表面毛茸及色泽等特征有一定差异,基本可区分;在显微特征方面,腺毛、非腺毛及草酸钙结晶等有明显区别。[结论]性状鉴定方法基本可以鉴别几种紫珠的原药材,但个别品种难以区分;而采用半显微及显微鉴定方法观察其表面制片及粉末制片的腺毛、非腺毛、结晶的形态特征以及分布特点等可鉴别紫珠各品种。准确快速且简便经济的显微鉴定方法是鉴别紫珠属植物药材叶片的关键手段。
[Objective] The study aimed to establish a simple and easy identification method for purple beads and identify 6 kinds of purple beads, such as Du Honghua, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication and provide a reference for the quality control of Radix. [Method] Six different purple pearls were identified by trait identification, semi-microscopic and microscopic identification. [Result] Morphological characteristics of the different types of purple pearls were similar in terms of appearance and shape, but there were some differences in leaf shape, leaf end, leaf base, leaf margin, thickness, surface furry and color, which were basically distinguishable. Microfeatures, glandular hair, non-glandular hair and calcium oxalate crystals were significantly different. [Conclusion] The trait identification method could identify several kinds of original medicinal materials of Vitex beads, but some varieties were indistinguishable. The semi-microscopic and microscopic identification methods were used to observe the glandular trichomes, non-glandular trichomes, Crystallization of the morphological characteristics and distribution characteristics can identify the various varieties of purple beads. Accurate and rapid and simple and economical method of microscopic identification is the key means of identifying the leaves of the genus Xanthium.