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自改革开放、特别是由传统计划经济向社会主义市场经济体制转变以来,伴生并扩大了贫富差距,引起了社会各界的普遍关注。如何正确认识和处理这一问题?本文试作以下分析。(一)分析这个问题的前提贫富差距是在适应生产力水平、调整生产关系的形势下产生的。改革开放前的30年里,我国基本上不存在贫与富的问题。那时坚持单一的公有制、按劳分配和高度集中的计划经济。在这种生产关系和经济体制下,实行的是低工资、高福利和大体平均分配的制度,人们过着相对共同贫穷的日子且习以为常。改革开放以来,改变了单一的公有制和按劳分配结构,实行了适应生产力多层次性的以公有制和按劳分配为主体,多种经济成分共同发展和多种分配方式共存的方针、原则。与此相适应,鼓励一部分人、一部分地区先富起来,从而达到共同富裕目标的政策,改变了过去那种共同贫穷的“公平”,建立起了“效率优先;兼顾公平”的发展模式和公平机制。
Since the reform and opening up, especially the transition from the traditional planned economy to the socialist market economy, the gap between the rich and the poor has been accompanied and widened. This has aroused the widespread concern of all sectors of society. How to correctly understand and deal with this problem? This article attempts to make the following analysis. (A) Analysis of the premise of this issue The gap between rich and poor is to adapt to the level of productivity, to adjust the relationship between the production situation. In the 30 years prior to the reform and opening up, there was basically no issue of poverty or prosperity in our country. At that time, we insisted on a single system of public ownership, distribution according to work, and highly centralized planned economy. Under this system of production relations and economic system, low salaries, high benefits and a system of general distribution are practiced. People live in a period of relative common poverty and are used to it. Since the reform and opening up, the principle of single public ownership and distribution according to work has been changed, the principle and principle of public ownership and distribution according to work, the common development of various economic components and the coexistence of various distribution modes have been put in place. In line with this, we should encourage some people and some areas to get rich first, so as to achieve the goal of common prosperity, change the “fairness” of common poverty in the past, and establish a development model and fairness that gives priority to “giving consideration to fairness.” mechanism.