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为探明延边地区水田的土壤养分含量状况,采集了不同区域的水田土壤样品,测定了土壤pH值、有机质、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量。研究表明,土壤表层呈酸性,处于水稻适宜生长的pH值范围。土壤有机质和氮素随土壤深度的增加呈减少趋势,在根系分布区域含量下降迅速,含量处于中等水平以下。在根系分布区域,虽然全磷含量处于稍缺水平,但速效磷处于中等水平以上。在较深土层磷素含量逐渐增多,呈向深层迁移和积累的趋势。土壤钾元素含量在根系分布区域处于中等水平以上,速效钾含量有随土壤深度增加而增加的趋势。总体上,延边地区水田土壤肥力并不高,而且与第2次全国土壤普查时相比有下降趋势。为了稻田的可持续利用,建议增施肥料,特别是有机肥料,做好土壤监测,注意磷素的迁移积累问题。
In order to find out the status of soil nutrient contents in paddy fields in Yanbian, paddy soils were collected from different areas to determine the contents of soil pH, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. Studies have shown that the surface of the soil is acidic, in the pH range suitable for rice growth. The content of soil organic matter and nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil depth, but decreased rapidly in the root distribution area, and the content was below the medium level. In the root distribution area, although the total phosphorus content is at a slight level, the available phosphorus is above the middle level. In the deeper soil phosphorus content gradually increased, showing the trend of migration and accumulation. The content of potassium in soil was moderate above the root distribution, and the content of available potassium increased with soil depth. In general, paddy field soil fertility in Yanbian is not high, and there is a downward trend compared with the second national soil survey. For the sustainable use of paddy fields, it is suggested to increase fertilizers, especially organic fertilizers, monitor soils well and pay attention to the accumulation of phosphorus.