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现代西方哲学的哲学家们对人的意识的研究各有侧重点,从不同的哲学家对意识的探讨来看,始终有那么一种精神贯穿于对人的意识的探讨历史中,这种精神便是人的自觉与他觉的精神。人类的认识从方向的角度来看,无非是自觉与他觉两个角度。本文认为,自觉,即人类对人类自身的认识与反思,包括对自己的实践、自己的观念、心理等的认识。他觉即觉他,即对人类自身以外的世界的认识;自觉与他觉发生的前提和能力都来源于需要的实践活动;人的自觉与他觉的能力不断推进,具体表现为人的怀疑批判与建构精神。
The philosophers of modern western philosophy have their own emphases on the study of human consciousness. From the perspective of different philosophers in their exploration of consciousness, there is always such a spirit that runs through the history of human consciousness, It is the consciousness of man and his spirit. Human understanding from the direction of point of view, nothing more than consciously and he felt two angles. This paper argues that consciously, that human beings know and reflect on human beings themselves, including their own practice, their own ideas, psychology and so on. He felt that he is, that is, human beings outside of the world’s awareness; consciously and he felt the premise and ability are derived from the need for practical activities; man’s self-awareness and his ability to continue to move forward, the concrete manifestation of the suspicion of man And construction spirit.