西学东渐始于明末清初,当时,欧洲传教士带来了诸多西洋器物和西方的天文、历法、数学、地理知识,对中国知识界产生了一定的影响。但真正对中国社会形成广泛而深刻触动的是晚清以来出现的更为全面的西学东渐。这一时期传入中国的西学,除了制度层面的东西和先进的科学技术外,还包括了政治意识、哲学思想、文化观念等社会意识的方方面面。伴随着西方新式教育和译介书籍传播进来的新思想和新风俗,对中国旧有的生活方式和思想观念产生了巨大冲击,使得近代中国的大地上逐渐形成了求新、求变的社会气候。在西学的浸润和影响下,不仅促使中国人的思想和文化发生了巨大变迁,同时,彻底改变了中国人传统的固步自封、唯我独尊的思维模式和认知模式,并迈开了史无前例的社会改良和社会革命的步伐。今天,我们回顾和研究清代的西学东渐,除了认真总结历史的经验和教训外,更应当着眼于其现实意义,即在当前中国到处兴起的“国学热”中,理性地看待中国传统文化和西方近现代文化,以及中西文化之间的关系,超越中国旧有的“夷夏之防”的思维模式,以新的全球化的视野审视中国的历史和现实,这样才能以史为鉴,利用历史研究的成果,推进中国的改革开放和现代化建设。 Western learning began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At that time, European missionaries brought many Western artifacts and Western astronomy, calendar, mathematics and geography knowledge, which had a certain impact on the Chinese intellectual community. However, the real extensive and profound touch on Chinese society is the more comprehensive Westernization that has taken place since the late Qing Dynasty. During this period, Western learning in China, in addition to the system-level things and advanced science and technology, also includes all aspects of social awareness such as political awareness, philosophical thinking and cultural conception. The new ideas and new customs that come with the introduction of Western new education and the translation of books have had a tremendous impact on China’s old ways of life and ideology and have brought about a new and changing social climate on the earth in modern China. . Under the infiltration and influence of Western learning, not only did the Chinese people’s thinking and culture have undergone tremendous changes, at the same time, they have completely changed the traditional Chinese mode of thinking and self-esteem mode of thinking and cognitive model and embarked on an unprecedented social improvement and The pace of social revolution. Today, we review and study the eastward development of western learning in the Qing Dynasty. Apart from earnestly summarizing historical experiences and lessons, we should also look more at its practical significance. That is, we should rationally view the traditional Chinese culture in the current “Chinese learning fever” And Western modern culture, as well as the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures, beyond China’s old mode of thinking of “anti-Yi Xia”, with a new globalization perspective of China’s history and reality, so as to learn from history, the use of historical research And promote China’s reform and opening up as well as its modernization drive.