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为了明晰不同土壤类型、利用方式土壤磷素分布特征,评估其流失风险的大小,研究了湖南3种典型土壤(红壤、潮土、紫色土)磷素含量特征及其剖面分布。野外采集3种母质发育土壤的旱地和水田土壤剖面样品进行室内分析,按张守敬等提出的酸性土壤无机磷形态的分级测定方法,对土壤无机磷进行分级。结果表明,不同土壤中磷素含量和形态分布有明显差异:磷素含量由高到低依次为潮土>红壤>紫色土;红壤发育的土壤以磷酸铝和磷酸铁占优势,潮土和紫色土的Ca-P含量占优势较高。土壤磷素在剖面中的分布均为表层最高,且随剖面深度的增加而减少,而后趋于相对稳定;无机磷中的Al-P、Fe-P以及O-P主要集中在0～20cm的土层中,其剖面分布于全磷类似,而Ca-P剖面分布上相对变化不大。土地利用方式的不同导致全磷的差异:水田均大于旱地。土壤类型及利用方式均对磷素含量和形态特征有明显影响,应根据不同的土壤类型和利用方式控制其流失风险。
In order to clarify the different types of soils, the distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus and the risk of loss were evaluated. The characteristics and distribution of phosphorus in three typical soils of Hunan Province (red soil, alluvial soil and purple soil) were studied. Field samples of soil samples of dryland and paddy soil collected from three parental soils were collected for indoor analysis. According to the method of grading determination of inorganic phosphorus in acidic soils proposed by Zhang Shoujing et al., Soil inorganic phosphorus was classified. The results showed that phosphorus content and morphological distribution in different soils were significantly different: the content of phosphorus in descending order was fluvo-aquic soil> red soil> purple soil; the soil with red soil was dominated by aluminum phosphate and ferric phosphate, Soil Ca-P content is higher. The distribution of soil phosphorus in the profile is the highest, and decreases with the increase of profile depth, and then tends to be relatively stable. Al-P, Fe-P and OP in inorganic phosphorus are mainly concentrated in the 0-20cm soil layer , Its profile is similar to that of total phosphorus, while the distribution of Ca-P profile is relatively unchanged. Differences in land use patterns lead to differences in total phosphorus: Paddy fields are larger than dry land. Both soil types and utilization methods have significant effects on the phosphorus content and morphological characteristics. The risk of loss should be controlled according to different soil types and utilization methods.