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Background:Airway management is critical in patients with cervical spondylosis,a population with a high incidence of difficult airway.Intubation with Shikani Optical Stylet (SOS) has become increasingly popular in difficult airway.We compared the effects ofintubation with SOS versus Macintosh laryngoscope (MLS) in patients undergoing surgery for cervical spondylosis.Methods:A total of 270 patients scheduled for elective surgery for cervical spondylosis of spinal cord and nerve root type from August 2012 to January 2016 were enrolled and randomly allocated to the MLS or SOS group by random numbers.Patients were evaluated for difficult airway preoperatively,and Cormack-Lehane laryngoscopy classification was determined during anesthesia induction.Difficult airway was defined as Cormack-Lehane Grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Patients were intubated with the randomly assigned intubation device.The success rate,intubation time,required assistance,immediate complications,and postoperative complaints were recorded.Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test,and continuous variables were analyzed by independent samples t-test or rank sum test.Results:The success rate of intubation among normal airways was 100％ in both groups.In patients with difficult airway,the success rates in the MLS and SOS groups were 84.2％ and 94.1％,respectively (P =0.605).Intubation with SOS took longer compared with MLS (normal airway:25.1 ± 5.8 s vs.24.5 ± 5.7 s,P =0.426;difficult airway:38.5 ± 8.5 s vs.36.1 ± 8.2 s,P =0.389).Intubation with SOS required less assistance in patients with difficult airway (5.9％ vs.100％,P ＜ 0.001).The frequency of postoperative sore throat was lower in SOS group versus MLS group in patients with normal airway (22.0％ vs.34.5％,P =0.034).Conclusions:SOS is a safe and effective airway management device in patients undergoing surgery for cervical spondylosis.Compared with MLS,SOS appears clinically beneficial for intubation,especially in patients with difficult airway.Trial Registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-IOR-16007821;http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13203.