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一、社会主义发展的几种模式自马克思时代以来,在理论和实践上共存在着三种特征各异的通往社会主义的模式。第一种模式渊源于马克思和恩格斯最初的理论,我称之为“古典模式”;第二种模式主要起源于苏联革命和发展的经验,传统上称之为马克思—列宁主义道路,我认为称其为列宁—斯大林主义模式或许更加合适;处于这两种模式之间的是民主社会主义模式。古典马克思主义认为,社会主义是一种终极状态,是特定的社会形态。马克思认为,工业化是建设社会主义不可缺少的和必要的基础和前提,工业化的痛苦进程不等于社会
I. Several Models for the Development of Socialism Since the Marx era, there have been three models of socialism that have different characteristics in theory and in practice. The first model originated from the original theory of Marx and Engels, which I called “the classical model.” The second model originated mainly from the experience of the Soviet revolution and development. It was traditionally called the Marxist-Leninist road and I It may be more appropriate to call it a Lenin-Stalinist model; between these two models is a democratic socialist model. Classical Marxism holds that socialism is an ultimate state and a particular social formation. Marx believes that industrialization is an indispensable and necessary foundation and premise for building socialism. The painful course of industrialization does not equal society