目的 探讨儿童康复科患儿及家长的手卫生对患儿发生医院感染的影响.方法 采用前瞻性调查方法,监测2015-06/2016-09在儿童康复科住院的所有患儿医院感染情况.2016-01/2016-09采用减少接触性感染的手卫生干预措施,对患儿及家长进行干预,对比干预前后2岁以上患儿和家长手卫生知晓率、依从率;对比干预前后医院感染率(简称院感率).结果 干预后,2岁以上患儿及家长问卷调查手卫生知晓率、依从率均显著升高(P＜0.05);2岁以上患儿及家长在“运动疗法、作业治疗、推拿、针灸、电疗、感统及语言训练”前后共14个时间节点手卫生依从率均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患儿院感率,干预前15.35％,干预后11.07％,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中干预早期14.95％,干预中后期9.15％,与干预前相比,干预早期院感率稍降低,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预中后期院感率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 儿童康复科患儿及家长的手卫生对医院感染存在直接影响,对其进行手卫生干预可以有效降低院感率.“,”Objective To explore the influence of hand hygiene of children and parents on nosocomial infections in the children rehabilitation.Methods A prospective survey was adopted to monitor hospital infection among all children who were hospitalized the children rehabilitation department from June 2015 to September 2016.The hand hygiene interventions were taken to reduce contact infections both children and the parents from Jan.2016 to September 2016.The awareness and compliance rate of hand hygiene of children aged 2 and parents were compared before and after the intervention.The incidence of nosocomial infections was compared before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the hand hygiene awareness and compliance of children aged 2 and their parents through the questionnaire survey were remarkably improved (P ＜ 0.05).The hand hygiene compliance of children aged 2 and parents was remarkably improved in a total of 14 time node before and after “physical therapy (PT),occupational therapy (OT),massage,acupuncture,electrotherapy,feeling system and language training”,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of nosocomial infections was 15.35％ before the intervention,and 11.07％ after the intervention,which had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of nosocomial infections was 14.95％ during early the intervention,and was 9.15％ during the middle and later intervention,which was slightly lower during early the intervention,there was no significant difference before and during early the intervention (P ＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference before and during the middle and later intervention (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The hand hygiene of children and parents has direct impact on the nosocomial infections in the children rehabilitation department,and their hand hygiene intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.