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水中毒较少见。它通常是医源性的,即因医务人员给某类病人输入过多水所致,多发生于以下三类病人:(一)有急性应激状态(如外伤或大手术后)的病人。此类病人其抗利尿激素分泌增加,存在水潴留的倾向。(二)有肾功能不全(如急、慢性肾功能衰竭)的病人。此类病人其肾脏不能正常地排出水分。(三)缺钠的晚期病人或接受长期输液治疗的慢性病患者。此类病人此时期的细胞外液渗透压常偏低。
Water poisoning is rare. It is usually iatrogenic, which is caused by the input of too much water by medical staff to a particular type of patient and occurs in three categories of patients: (i) patients with acute stress conditions (such as trauma or major surgery). Such patients increased its antidiuretic hormone secretion, there is a tendency of water retention. (B) patients with renal insufficiency (such as acute and chronic renal failure). Such patients can not properly discharge their kidneys water. (C) lack of sodium in patients with advanced or long-term infusion treatment of chronic diseases. Such patients in this period of extracellular fluid osmotic pressure is often low.