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目的:了解医院门诊就诊的妇女遭受暴力的情况和可能的影响因素。方法:于2012年7~8月在河北省承德县、湖南省浏阳市的县级妇幼保健院和综合医院,采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取了635名门诊就诊妇女。使用自行设计的调查问卷收集妇女的一般情况、家庭地位、社会性别平等意识、遭受暴力情况及与暴力有关的经历等信息。结果:医院门诊妇女自我报告遭受暴力总发生率为5.0%。遭受暴力的危险因素有“妇女自觉经济压力很大”(OR=3.4),“配偶经常喝酒”(OR=2.5),“妇女的父亲打过母亲”(OR=5.7),“妇女的公公打过婆婆”(OR=4.5),“妇女有严重的被父母打骂经历”(OR=3.6),“妇女所在社区有针对妇女暴力行为”(OR=3.7);保护因素有“妇女家庭地位较高”(OR=0.5)和“妇女社会性别平等意识较高”(OR=0.4)。结论:女性建立社会性别平等意识、提高自身修养和家庭社会地位将有助于减少针对妇女暴力的发生,同时,也应提倡建立和谐社区环境、营造幸福家庭氛围。
Purpose: To understand the violence experienced by women in outpatient clinics and the possible influencing factors. Methods: From July to August 2012, 635 outpatient clinics were drawn by stratified random sampling method in Chengde County of Hebei Province, county-level MCH and general hospitals in Liuyang City, Hunan Province. Use self-designed questionnaires to collect information on the general situation of women, family status, gender equality awareness, violence and violence-related experiences. Results: The total incidence of self-reported violence by women in outpatient clinics was 5.0%. The risk factors of violence include “women are conscious of economic pressure” (OR = 3.4), “spouse often drinks alcohol” (OR = 2.5), “women’s fathers beat mother” (OR = 5.7) , “The woman’s father-in-law has hit her mother-in-law” (OR = 4.5), “Women have serious experiences of being beaten by their parents” (OR = 3.6), “Women’s communities have violence against women” = 3.7). The protective factors are higher women’s family status (OR = 0.5) and higher women’s gender equality awareness (OR = 0.4). Conclusion: Women’s awareness of gender equality and their self-cultivation and their social status will help reduce the incidence of violence against women. At the same time, they should also promote the establishment of a harmonious community environment and create a happy family atmosphere.