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电流变液是具有高介电常数的固体微粒分散于低介电常数的绝缘液体中所形成的一类稳定悬浮液．作为近年来发展较快的一类智能材料，由于其具有在液体和固体之间进行快速可逆转变的特性，因此在机电一体化控制、汽车、通用机械等领域有着广泛的应用前景，并有可能在这些部门引起革命性的变化．本文详细评述了电流变液在作用机制、材料、应用等方面的研究现状，并提出了电流变液研究中尚待解决的问题．
Electrorheological fluids are a type of stable suspension of solid particles with a high dielectric constant dispersed in a dielectric fluid of low dielectric constant. As a type of smart material developed rapidly in recent years, due to its characteristics of rapid and reversible transition between liquid and solid, it has wide application prospect in the fields of mechatronic control, automobile, general machinery and the like, Revolutionary changes have taken place in these sectors. In this paper, the research status of electrorheological fluid in the aspects of mechanism, material and application are reviewed in detail, and the problems to be solved in electrorheological fluid research are put forward.