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为从根本上解决西北干旱地区水资源供需问题,需对区域水文特性和水资源管理措施进行研究和分析。以吐鲁番地区为例,应用最大熵估算法对各站点1956～2009年水文资料进行分析。结果显示,吐鲁番地区年降水总量较小,6～9月降水量占全年的65.1%以上,多分布于中高山区;多年平均水面蒸发量为1 474.8mm,年际变化较小,年内集中于夏季;年径流量较小,64.2%以上的径流集中于6～9月,产流于山区,消耗于平原区的蒸发和下渗。综合考虑吐鲁番地区水文特性和用水规律,建议采取相应的水资源管理措施,以实现吐鲁番地区水资源的可持续利用和价值最大化。
In order to fundamentally solve the problem of water supply and demand in arid areas of Northwest China, it is necessary to study and analyze the regional hydrological characteristics and water resources management measures. Taking Turpan as an example, the maximum entropy estimation method was used to analyze the hydrological data of all stations from 1956 to 2009. The results showed that the total annual precipitation in Turpan was small, and the precipitation from June to September accounted for more than 65.1% of the whole year, mostly distributed in the middle and high mountainous areas. The annual average water surface evaporation was 1 474.8 mm, Concentrated in the summer; small annual runoff, 64.2% of the runoff concentrated in June to September, production flow in the mountains, consumed in the plain area of evaporation and infiltration. Considering hydrological characteristics and water use law in Turpan, it is suggested to take corresponding water resources management measures to realize the sustainable utilization and maximization of water resources in Turpan.