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在地下洞室钻爆法施工中,一般采用高空台车作为作业支持系统进行钻孔。作业人员上架、敲帮问顶、移钻、开孔等过程中,有从高空台车上跌落的风险。为探究钻孔作业大幅度动作使得人体失去平衡而跌落的风险机理,借鉴Gilbreth基本动作要素理论,以敲帮问顶作业的动作要素为研究对象,运用3DSSPP工效学系统建立动作要素模型,并模拟典型动作要素状态,分析不同身体状态和用力共同影响下的压力中心(COP)偏移位置。结果表明:躯干水平夹角较大时,COP偏移量与用力大小成正比;躯干水平夹角较小时,COP偏移量与用力大小先成反比,后成正比,且存在区间极小值。当用力增加到一定程度并保持恒定时,躯干水平夹角越大,COP偏移量也越大,二者呈线性正比关系。研究成果能为地下洞室敲帮问顶作业人员的安全防护用具选用提供人体力学依据,也能为生产厂家根据作业情景来确定防护用具参数提供重要参考。
Drilling and blasting in the underground tunnel construction method, the general use of high-altitude trolley as a job support system for drilling. Operators shelves, Qiaopang asked top, moving drilling, drilling and other processes, there is the risk of falling from the overhead trolley. In order to explore the risk mechanism of the drilling operation causing the human body to lose balance and fall, this paper draws lessons from Gilbreth’s basic action element theory, takes the action elements of the top-heading task as the research object, and uses the 3DSSPP ergonomics system to establish the action element model and simulates Typical motion feature states analyze the pressure center (COP) offset positions under different body conditions and forces. The results show that when the angle between trunk and body is large, the COP offset is directly proportional to the force. When the trunk angle is small, the COP offset is inversely proportional to the force and then proportional to the COP. When the force is increased to a certain extent and remains constant, the larger the angle between the torso and the body, the larger the COP offset is and the two are linearly proportional to each other. The research results can provide ergonomic basis for selection of safety protective equipment for top cadet workers in underground caverns, and also provide important reference for manufacturers to determine protective equipment parameters according to operating scenarios.