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机体对外来异物的侵入所呈现的体液性和细胞性免疫应答方式是有个体差异的。McDevitt等发现个体差异受遗传支配,从而揭开了免疫遗传学的序幕。这些免疫学个体差异不仅对于在动物身上发现主要组织相容复合体和支配这种免疫反应的遗传基因有密切连锁,而且对小鼠的白血病和实验性自身免疫性疾病的发病都起着主要作用。这一发现使至今致力于血型学的免疫遗传学一跃成为现代医学中最重要学科之一。本文对比分析了人类免疫应答遗传控制机理和在小鼠身上获得的成果,并加以概括。此外,也探讨了免疫应答性的遗传在难治性疾病的病因上的意义以及今后的研究方向。
Body foreign invasion of foreign body presented by the humoral and cellular immune response are individual differences. McDevitt et al found that individual differences were governed by the heredity and opened the prelude to immunological genetics. These immunological individual differences are not only closely linked to the discovery of major histocompatibility complexes and the genes that govern the immune response in animals, but also play major roles in the development of mouse leukemia and experimental autoimmune diseases . This discovery has made immune genomics, which has so far focused on hemopoiesis, one of the most important disciplines in modern medicine. This article compares and analyzes the genetic control mechanism of human immune response and the results obtained in mice, and summarizes the results. In addition, the significance of inheritance of immune response in the etiology of refractory diseases and the future research directions are also discussed.