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目的了解近年来上海市松江区乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)报告发病及血清感染免疫现状,评价控制效果,为进一步采取措施提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学对2006-2015年上海市松江区乙肝的报告发病情况进行分析,对2014年全国乙肝血清流行病学调查松江区国家调查点数据进行乙肝感染情况的分析。结果 2006-2015年累计报告乙肝6 339例,发病率为54.14/10万,总体呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=296.850,P=0.000),其中急性乙肝报告发病率为7.35/10万,远低于慢性乙肝报告发病率45.09/10万(χ~2=3 179.779,P=0.000),均呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=487.127,P=0.000;χ_(趋势)~2=42.415,P=0.000)。乙肝报告发病率35~岁年龄组最高,40岁之前发病率随着年龄增加呈升高趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=1 388.621,P=0.000),之后发病率随着年龄增加而下降(χ_(趋势)~2=493.030,P=0.000)。20~54岁为乙肝的高发年龄。男性发病率(77.79/10万)高于女性(28.95/10万),其中急性、慢性乙肝和乙肝未分类中男性发病率均高于女性(P<0.01)。1~29岁常住人口血清学调查人群HBs Ag阳性率为0.47%,anti-HBs阳性率为58.60%。明确乙肝疫苗接种182人,接种率为84.65%,其中15岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为100%。调查人群性别间乙肝感染免疫标记物阳性率及疫苗接种情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。15岁以下未检出HBs Ag阳性。1~岁组anti-HBs阳性率分别高于5~岁组(χ~2=17.038,P=0.000)和15~29岁组(χ~2=5.502,P=0.019),而后两个年龄组anti-HBs阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.835,P=0.092)。anti-HBc阳性率随年龄增长而升高(P<0.05)。结论 2006-2015年上海市松江区乙肝防控效果较好,特别是免疫规划乙肝疫苗覆盖人群效果显著。
Objective To understand the reported incidence of hepatitis B in Songjiang District of Shanghai and the status of serum immunization in recent years and to evaluate the control effects and provide reference for further measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the reported incidence of hepatitis B in Songjiang district of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015. HBV infection in the national survey data of Songjiang district in 2014 was analyzed. Results A total of 6 339 cases of hepatitis B were reported in 2006-2015, the incidence rate was 54.14 / 100 000, showing a general downward trend (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 296.850, P = 0.000). The incidence of acute hepatitis B was 7.35 / , Which was far lower than the reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B 45.09 / 100000 (χ ~ 2 = 3 179.779, P = 0.000), all showed a downward trend (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 487.127, P = 0.000; = 42.415, P = 0.000). The incidence of hepatitis B was the highest in the 35 ~ age group, and the incidence increased with increasing age (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 1388.621, P = 0.000) before 40 years of age. The incidence decreased with age χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 493.030, P = 0.000). 20 to 54 years old for the high incidence of hepatitis B age. The incidence of males (77.79 / lakh) was higher than that of females (28.95 / lakh), of which the incidence of acute and chronic hepatitis B and B were higher than that of women (P <0.01). The positive rate of HBs Ag in the population aged 1-29 years of serological survey was 0.47%, and the positive rate of anti-HBs was 58.60%. Clear hepatitis B vaccination of 182 people, the vaccination rate was 84.65%, of which children under 15 years of age hepatitis B vaccination rate of 100%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of immunological markers of hepatitis B infection and vaccination between the sexes in the surveyed population (P> 0.05). HBsAg-positive children under 15 years of age were not detected. The positive rates of anti-HBs in the 1-year-old group were higher than those in the 5-year-old group (χ ~ 2 = 17.038, P = 0.000) and 15 ~ 29 years old group The positive rate of anti-HBs was no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 2.835, P = 0.092). The positive rate of anti-HBc increased with age (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevention and control of hepatitis B in Songjiang District of Shanghai Municipality from 2006 to 2015 are effective, especially the coverage of population covered by immunization program is significant.