随着地质学不断地向深度和广度研究,先进设备的使用,尤其是深海钻探,为地质学揭露了许多前所未知的新材料、新问题和新见解。它向传统的地质学提出有力的挑战。新灾变论的提出使传统的地层学受到冲击,例如在深海钻探中发现白垩系和第三系地层界线上的铱异常事件;在侏罗、白垩系地层中发现全球性的大洋缺氧事件;在震旦纪初期、奥陶纪末期、石炭、二叠纪和第四纪初期气候异常形成的冰期,以 As geology continues to study depth and breadth, the use of advanced equipment, especially deep sea drilling, has revealed many new and unexpected new materials, problems and insights for geology. It presents a powerful challenge to traditional geology. The new catastrophe theory has impacted the traditional stratigraphy, for example, the discovery of anomalous iridium in the deep-sea drilling at the boundary between Cretaceous and Tertiary strata; the discovery of global oceanic anoxic events in the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata; In the early Sinian, Late Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian and Early Quaternary climatic anomalies during the ice age to