近几十年来在获批的人用疫苗中,所使用的佐剂只有微粒物质,如明矾和乳剂。这些化合物基于其在动物中有增强对疫苗接种免疫应答的能力而获得经验性认可,但对它们的作用机理不了解,随着对先天免疫系统认识的提高,鉴定了许多与已知的模式识别受体(PRRs)包括Toll样受体(TLRs)有关 Adjuvants used in approved human vaccines in recent decades have only particulate materials such as alum and emulsions. These compounds are empirically approved based on their ability to enhance the immune response to vaccination in animals, but do not understand their mechanism of action, and as the understanding of the innate immune system has increased, many have been identified that differ from known pattern recognition Receptors (PRRs) include Toll-like receptors (TLRs)