线粒体是真核细胞的重要组成部分,其主要功能是将葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸的能量转化成细胞可利用的形式,被形象地称作“细胞的动力工厂”。在细胞呼吸过程中,通过发生在线粒体内膜的氧化磷酸化,代谢物转化成ATP,为细胞的各项活动提供90%以上的能量。近年来发现,线粒体还具有其他重要的生理学功能,包括调控细胞凋亡、参与细胞信 Mitochondria are an important part of eukaryotic cells whose main function is to convert the energy of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids into a cell-usable form, vividly called the “power plant of cells.” During cellular respiration, metabolites are converted to ATP by oxidative phosphorylation that occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane, providing more than 90% of the energy of the cell’s activities. In recent years, it has been found that mitochondria also have other important physiological functions, including regulating apoptosis, participating in cell signaling