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在古巴刑事司法发展过程中,其刑事司法体制先是受到西班牙司法体制的大陆法系国家的影响,接着又继受了英美法系刑事司法体制风格。卡斯特罗领导下的军事斗争获得胜利后,建立了一系列新的刑事司法体制。在刑事诉讼程序方面,在法院、检察院、内务部门之间分权制衡,保障犯罪嫌疑人宪法所规定的程序权利,严格界分司法权和司法行政权。在刑事审判方面,发展出了选举非职业法官参与审判制度、独立审判制度、公开审判制度和合议审判制度。古巴刑事执行制度也体现了限制死刑、刑罚轻缓和人道主义关怀等诸多现代法治发展趋势。古巴保障人权的刑事诉讼制度、审判独立制度、刑事执行轻缓制度和检察一体化制度等对中国具有积极的借鉴意义。
In the course of the development of criminal justice in Cuba, its criminal justice system was first influenced by the civil law countries in Spain’s judicial system, and then it inherited the criminal justice system of Anglo-American legal system. After the victory of the military struggle led by Castro, a series of new criminal justice systems were established. In the field of criminal procedure, the courts, procuratorates and the internal affairs departments should be in charge of separation of powers and checks and balances so as to safeguard the procedural rights stipulated in the criminal suspect’s constitution and to severely demarcate the judicial power from the judicial power. In criminal trials, the system of electing non-professional judges to participate in the trial system, independent trial system, open trial system and collegial trial system has been developed. Cuba’s criminal enforcement system also embodies the trend of restricting the death penalty, mild penalties and humanitarian care and many other modern trends of the rule of law. Cuba has a positive reference for China in its criminal prosecution system, the independent trial system, the light enforcement of criminal law and the procuratorial integration system that guarantee human rights.