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Physics organizes its variables following a conjugation principle,handling the variables in conjugate variable pairs.However,thermodynamics and classical(quantum)mechanics take heed to this same principle with regard to two different pivot concepts:energy for the former and action for the latter.Shall this inconsistency be taken as a shortcoming of current physics?Can statistical mechanics offer a remedy?本篇讨论与conjugation有关的概念,顺便提及的还有dual- ity,coupling,adjointness,reciprocity,juxtaposition等.