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目的 :探讨铅、镉在儿童体内的负荷及其对儿童智力的影响。方法 :用学习成绩、智商测验等方法及测定血、尿中铅、镉含量的方法 ,进行儿童智力发育和铅、镉水平关系的调查。结果 :实验组儿童血铅均值为 1 38μmol/L ,对照组为 1 0 3μmol/L ,两组间差异有显著性 (t=2 76,P <0 0 5 )。多元logistic回归分析表明 ,血铅水平可能是导致总智商、言语智商、操作智商发育低下的危险因素 (P均等于 0 0 0 0 )。总智商小于 80分的实验组儿童血镉均值为 0 5 1μmol/L ,总智商大于 80分的对照组为 0 36μmol/L ,实验组血镉平均值高于对照组 ,但二者间差异无显著性 (t =1 61,P >0 0 5 )。分类分析中 ,血镉水平可能是导致言语智商下降的危险因素。本文还就其他可能影响智力发育的因素进行调查、控制 ,排除可能影响结果的因素。结论 :血铅水平是影响总智商发育 (OR =0 945 )、言语智商发育 (OR =0 937)及操作智商发育的危险因素(OR =0 961)之一。血镉水平是可能导致言语智商下降的危险因素 (OR =0 866)之一。
Objective: To investigate the load of lead and cadmium in children and its effect on children’s intelligence. Methods: To investigate the relationship between intelligence development and lead and cadmium levels in children by methods such as academic achievement, IQ test and determination of lead and cadmium in blood and urine. Results: In the experimental group, the blood lead level was 1 38 μmol / L in the control group and 103 μmol / L in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t = 2 76, P 0 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood lead level may be the risk factor of total IQ, verbal IQ, low IQ of operation IQ (P = 0 0 0). The mean serum cadmium in the experimental group with total IQ of less than 80 was 0 5 1μmol / L, that of the control group with total IQ greater than 80 was 0 36μmol / L, and that of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group Significance (t = 1 61, P> 0 0 5). In the classification analysis, blood cadmium levels may be the risk factors leading to the decline of verbal IQ. This article also investigate other factors that may affect mental development, control, exclude factors that may affect the outcome. CONCLUSION: Blood lead level is one of the risk factors influencing total IQ development (OR = 0 945), verbal IQ (OR = 0 937) and IQ of operation (OR = 0 961). Blood cadmium levels were one of the risk factors (OR = 0 866) that could lead to a decline in verbal IQ.