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本文是现实主义法学家卢埃林与人类学家霍贝尔合作的经典著作《夏延人方式:美国印第安人原始文明中的纠纷和案例》第一部分的第三节,具有总论性质,对全书的精神进行了概括性的论述。在文章中作者从现代法的问题切人,指出注重分析概念的形式主义的法学理论往往造成概念矛盾、引起困惑,进而指出解决这一问题的途径是从现实主义角度出发,在法学与社会科学交叉研究中寻找启迪。作者从夏延人纠纷处理的考察中指出法律素材(Law-Stuff)具有多样性;然后以“侵权”和“犯罪”为例,从功能主义角度分析指出现代法律与原始法律在一些范畴上是相应的;继而,作者对原始法与现代法中的法律素材的多元分层进行分析,尤其以劳动法领域为例,指出仅仅依据正式法进行探究将会扭曲我们社会中现实运作的规则;同时,作者从宗教与世俗的两个方面的考察,分析指出法律的源头(Origin)的是复杂的,法律的一元构成和一元进化的命题存在不足,难以证成。文章中体现了作者以现实主义方法进行思考,以功能主义视角进行观察的学术立场,进而对以形式主义法学思维排斥考察社会背景的方法进行批评。最后,作者指出我们必须从书本上的概念中摆脱出来,探寻行动中的法,而在这个过程中原始的法会给现代法带来意想不到的启迪。
This article is the third section of the first part of the classic book The Sherman Way: Disputes and Cases of the Native American Native American in the classical writings of realist jurist Llewellyn and anthropologist Hobel, with a general character of the whole book A summary of the discussion. In the article, the author cut off from the question of modern law, pointing out that formalistic legal theory focusing on the analysis of concepts often causes conceptual contradictions and causes confusion, and then points out that the solution to this problem is from the realistic point of view, in law and social sciences Find inspiration in cross research. The author points out that Law-Stuff is diversified by examining the disputes of Cheyenne people. Then, taking “infringement” and “crime” as examples, the author points out from the functionalist perspective that modern law and original law are in some categories On the other hand, the author analyzes the multiple stratification of the legal material in the original law and modern law, especially in the field of labor law, pointing out that the mere exploration based on the formal law will distort the rules of reality in our society At the same time, the author analyzes the two aspects of religion and secularity and points out that the origin of the law is complex. The constitution of the law and the uniformed proposition of the law are not enough to be proved. The article embodies the author’s academic standpoint of thinking through realistic methods and observing from the perspective of functionalism, and then criticizes the method of excluding the social background from formalist jurisprudence thinking. Finally, the author points out that we must get rid of the concept of books to explore the law in action, and in the process, the original law will bring unexpected enlightenment to modern law.