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目的了解医院感染的现患率及抗菌药物使用率,为医院感染的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法通过横断面调查方法,对宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院2015年5月5日0:00—24:00住院病人的医院感染情况进行调查分析。结果本次调查医院感染现患率3.99%;现患率排前3位的科室分别为重症监护(40.00%)、神经外科(17.65%)、血液科(10.81%);感染部位前3位分别为下呼吸道(69.09%)、泌尿道(12.73%)、上呼吸道(7.27%);共分离病原菌48株,构成比前三位的分别是铜绿假单胞菌(22.92%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(20.83%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(14.58%);动静脉插管、使用呼吸机等侵袭性操作时,医院感染现患率均高于无这些操作的,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论根据医院感染现患率调查结果可合理调整针对性监测,并提高标本送检率,进一步规范抗菌药物使用,有效降低医院感染发生率。
Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infections and the rate of antibacterials usage, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the hospital-acquired nosocomial infections in Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center from 0: 00-24: 00 on May 5, Results The prevalence of nosocomial infection in this survey was 3.99%. The top three prevalence rates were intensive care (40.00%), neurosurgery (17.65%) and hematology (10.81%) respectively. The top three sites of infection were Respiratory tract (69.09%), urinary tract (12.73%) and upper respiratory tract (7.27%). A total of 48 pathogenic bacteria were isolated, which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.92%), Acinetobacter baumannii 20.83%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.58%). The prevalence of nosocomial infections in arteriovenous and intubated patients was significantly higher than those without these operations (P <0.05) . Conclusion According to the prevalence rate of hospital infection survey results can be properly adjusted targeted monitoring and improve the rate of specimens submitted to further standardize the use of antimicrobial agents and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.