论文部分内容阅读
目的了解我国城市中学生忽视的特点、分布及程度,分析其影响因素,为制定科学干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法 ,从全国13省中抽取24个具有代表性的城市,共调查3539例,分为12～14岁(初中组)1964例和15～17岁(高中组)1575例;男性占50.1%,少数民族占9.5%。应用我国自行开发研制的中国城市中学生忽视评价常模,所得资料采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,包括对不同年龄、性别组忽视层面(身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗及社会)的忽视率与忽视度等进行统计描述、χ2检验及方差分析(ANOVA)等,以判断其差别。结果①12～14岁(初中组)学生的平均忽视度和忽视率分别为46.4和22.4%;15～17岁(高中组)学生平均忽视度和忽视率分别为49.7和32.8%;初中及高中组学生之间平均忽视率与忽视度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②12～14岁组男、女生忽视度分别为46.9和45.9(P<0.05),忽视率分别为24.9%和19.9%(P<0.05);15～17岁组男、女生忽视度分别为51.1和48.2(P<0.01),忽视率分别为39.2%和26.1%(P<0.01)。③在儿童忽视的6个层面上,12～14岁学生的忽视度为39.2～50.7,忽视率为2.1%～10.6%;15～17岁学生的忽视度为42.4～56.0,忽视率为4.5%～14.7%。④无论以年龄或性别分组,中学生均以受到单项忽视为主,其平均发生率为15.9%,构成比为53.7%。⑤12～14岁组与15～17岁组分别以再婚家庭与单亲家庭中受忽视率最高(分别为44.1%与38.4%),均以核心家庭学生受忽视率最低(分别为20.7%与32.3%)。结论中国城市中学生受忽视的频度和强度均较高,且高中学生受到的忽视度和忽视率相对更高。初中和高中两个年龄组男生受到的忽视强度和频度均高于女生。中学生在身体、情感、教育和社会忽视方面受到的忽视较多,均以单项受忽视为主;初中和高中组学生均以单亲家庭和再婚家庭中受到的忽视频度最高。
Objective To understand the characteristics, distribution and degree of neglect of urban middle school students in our country, analyze the influencing factors and provide the basis for formulating scientific intervention measures. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 24 representative cities from 13 provinces in China. A total of 3539 cases were investigated, including 1964 cases aged 12-14 (junior middle school) and 15-17 years old (middle school ) 1575 cases; men accounted for 50.1%, ethnic minorities accounted for 9.5%. Using Chinese self-developed middle school students neglecting normative model, the data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software, including the ignorance of ignorance (physical, emotional, educational, safety, medical and social) at different age and gender groups And the degree of neglect and other statistical description, χ2 test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), etc., to determine the difference. Results ① The average ignorance and neglect rate of students aged 12 to 14 years (junior middle school) were 46.4% and 22.4% respectively. The average ignorance and neglect rate of students aged 15-17 years (high school) were 49.7% and 32.8% respectively. There was a significant difference between the average neglect rate and neglect degree among students (P <0.01). ② The ignorance of male and female in 12 ~ 14 age group were 46.9 and 45.9 (P <0.05), and the neglect rates were 24.9% and 19.9% respectively (P <0.05). The ignorance of male and female in 15 ~ 17 age group were 51.1 and 48.2 (P <0.01), and the ignoring rates were 39.2% and 26.1% respectively (P <0.01). (3) Neglect rate of children aged 12 ~ 14 was 39.2 ~ 50.7, neglect rate was 2.1% ~ 10.6% at 6 levels ignored by children; neglect rate was 42.4 ~ 56.0% of students aged 15 ~ 17, ignoring rate was 4.5% ~ 14.7%. ④ Regardless of grouping by age or sex, secondary school students are mainly neglected individually, with an average incidence rate of 15.9% and a ratio of 53.7%. (5) The ignorance rates of re-married families and single-parent families were the highest (44.1% and 38.4% respectively) in the age group of 12 to 14 years old and the age group of 15 to 17 years old, with the lowest ignorance rate among core family students (20.7% and 32.3% ). Conclusions The frequency and intensity of ignorance of Chinese urban middle school students are high, and the neglect and ignorance of high school students are relatively higher. The intensity and frequency of neglect of boys in both middle and high school age groups were higher than that of girls. Middle school students are more neglected in body, emotion, education and social neglect. They are mostly neglected individually. Students in junior middle school and high school are most frequently neglected in single-parent families and remarried families.